HISTORY AND ORIGINS OF INTEREST DAYAK KALIMANTAN

Dayak word comes from the word "Power" which means upstream, to mention the people who live in rural or generally perhuluan Kalimantan and West Kalimantan.There are various opinions about the origin of the Dayaks, but until now there has not been a completely satisfactory. However, the generally accepted opinion stating that free the Dayak is one of the largest and oldest indigenous groups that inhabit the island of Borneo (Tjilik Riwut 1993: 231). The idea of ​​indigenous peoples is based on the theory of migration to Borneo. Starting from the opinion it is believed that free Dayak ancestors came from southern China, as stated by Mikhail Coomans (1987: 3):All ethnic groups, including the group Power that migrate en masse from mainland Asia. Power tribes are descended from immigrants than what is now Yunnan in Southern China. That's where a small group of wandering through Indo China to peninsular Malaysia, which became a springboard to enter the islands of Indonesia, in addition, there may be those who choose another stepping stone, through Hainan, Taiwan and the Philippines. The move was not so hard, his deep at times glazial (ice age) very down sea level (at low tide), so that the small boats even if they can cross the waters separating the islands.Dayak people of Borneo island which is the real, these formerly inhabited the island of Borneo, baikpun baikpun beaches next to the ground. However, when the Malays of Sumatra and Peninsular Land Melaka came there terdesaklah the Dayak and backward, growing old, growing deep into the ground next to the island of BorneoThe theory of migration is once again allowed to answer the question: why Dayak tribes now have so many differing properties, as there is in the language and in their cultural characteristicsToday the Dayak tribe is divided into six large clumps, namely Kenyah-Kayan-Bahau, Ot Danum, Iban, Murut, Klemantan and Punan. The six cluster is divided again to approximately 405 sub-tribes. Despite the hundreds of sub-divided tribes, Dayak tribes have similar cultural characteristics typical. The characteristics of such a deciding factor either a sub-tribe in Borneo can be incorporated into the Dayak. These features are the long house, the result of material culture such as pottery, saber, chopsticks beliong (ax Dayak) view of nature, livelihood (farming systems) and dance.

 Borneo is one of five major islands in Indonesia. Actually the island is not only an "area of ​​origin" Dayak people simply because there was no one Banjar (South Kalimantan) and the Malays. And, among the Dayak themselves from each other grow and develop its own culture. In other words, a culture that fostered and promoted by the Dayak-Iban are not exactly the same with the culture fostered and promoted-Punan Dayak and so on. However, to know each other or have a typical Dayak weapon called saber. In everyday life this weapon can not be separated from its owner. That is, wherever he went he always carried as saber saber also serves as a symbol of a person (the honor and identity). For the record, first saber is considered to have magical elements and only used in certain rituals, such as: war, headhunting, dance supplies custom and ritual instruments. Saber believed to have kampuhan levels or magic. The power of magic is not only derived from the manufacturing process through certain rituals, but also in the tradition of headhunting (beheading opponents). When it (before the 20th century) the more people who successfully kayau, then it uses the more powerful saber. Usually most of her hair partly used to decorate the handle. They believe that people who die in-kayau, the spirit that will inhabit saber saber becomes magic. However, the function of the saber has changed, ie as objects of art and culture, souvenirs, collectibles and weapons for hunting, prune shrubs and farming.

 There are six divide the Dayaks in the clump clump Klemantan aka Borneo, Iban clump, clump Apokayan the Dayak Kayan, Kenyah and Bahau, Murut clump, clump-Ngaju Ot Danum and Punan clumps. But scientifically, linguists see 5 groups of languages ​​spoken on the island of Borneo, and each has relatives outside the island of Borneo:

     "Barito Kingdom (33 languages​​, including 11 languages ​​of the language of Madagascar, and Sama-Bajau),

   1  "Land Dayaks" (13 languages​​)
   2  "North Borneo" (99 languages​​), including Yakan language in the Philippines.
   3  "South Sulawesi" spoken three tribes in the interior of West Kalimantan Dayak: Dayak Park, Embaloh Dayak, Dayak Dayak Banuaka Kalis called clumps.

     "Malayic" spoken three ethnic Dayak: Dayak Meratus / Mount (aka Banjar arkhais classified as Malay), and Dayak Iban Dayak Kendayan (Kanayatn). Excluding the Banjar, Berau, Kedayan (Brunei), Senganan, Sambas Malays considered cultured. Now some tribes cultured Malay who has now joined the Dayak tribe is Tidung, Kutai, Bulungan (both clump North Borneo) and Paser (clumps Barito Kingdom).
EtymologyThe Dayak Barito Muslims that are recognized as tribes Bakumpai Barito river the past.The term "Dayak" most commonly used to refer to the indigenous people of non-Muslim, non-Malay who live on the island. This is especially true in Malaysia, because in Indonesia there are Dayak tribes are Muslim but still Dayak category even though some of them called Banjar Tribes and Tribal Kutai. There are various explanations about the etymology of this term. According to Lindblad, Dayak word is derived from the power of the language Kenyah, which means upstream or inland. King, further speculate that the Dayak may also come from the word aja, a Malay word meaning native or indigenous. He also believed that the word may have come from a term of Central Java language, which means behavior that is not appropriate or that is not in place. The term for the native tribes near Sambas and Pontianak is Power (Kanayatn: the power = the ground), while in Banjarmasin called Biaju (bi = from; aju = upstream).  Thus the original term Power (the land) devoted to native of West Kalimantan which clumps hereinafter called Dayak Bidayuh Army who distinguished Sea Dayak (Iban family). In Banjarmasin, the term Dayak started to be used in agreement with the Sultan of Banjar Dutch East Indies in 1826, to replace the term Biaju Large (Kahayan river area) and Small Biaju (Moody Kapuas river region), each of which was changed to Dayak Dayak Large and Small. Since then the term Dayak is also intended to clump Ngaju-Ot Danum or clumps Barito. Furthermore, the term "Dayak" is used to refer collectively widespread to the indigenous tribes of different local languages ​​especially the non-Malays or non-Muslims. In the late 19th century (after the Peace tumbles Anoi ) Dayak term used in the context of the colonial population, who took over the sovereignty of the tribes living in the remote areas of Borneo. According to the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Project Assessment and Development of Cultural Values ​​in East Kalimantan, Dr. August Kaderland, a Dutch scientist, was the first person to use the term Dayak in the definition above in 1895.